List of political self-immolations

This is a list of notable self-immolations done for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list.

List

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
01963-06-11June 11, 1963 Thich Quang DucThich Quang Duc 66 South Vietnam Persecution of Buddhists by Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam Led to several other monks and nuns committing the same act before Diem was toppled
01964-01-25January 25, 1964 Chinnasami India For preservation of the Tamil language Inspired 5 other self-immolations.[1]
01965-03-16March 16, 1965 Herz, AliceAlice Herz 82 USA Vietnam War
01965-11-02November 2, 1965 Morrison, NormanNorman Morrison 31 USA Vietnam War [2]
01965-11-09November 9, 1965 LaPorte, Roger AllenRoger Allen LaPorte 22 USA Vietnam War [3]
01967-05-16May 16, 1967 Nhat Chi MaiNhất Chi Mai 34 South Vietnam Vietnam War [4]
01967-10-15October 15, 1967 Beaumont, FlorenceFlorence Beaumont 55 USA Vietnam War [5]
01968-09-08September 8, 1968 Siwiec, RyszardRyszard Siwiec 59 Poland Poland's participation in Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) Died in hospital four days later.
01969-01-16January 16, 1969 Palach, JanJan Palach 20 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Student. Inspired a number of self-immolations in protest of Soviet satellite states.
01969-01-20January 20, 1969 Bauer, SándorSándor Bauer 17 Hungary Communist rule in Hungary [6]
01969-02-25February 25, 1969 Zajíc, JanJan Zajíc 19 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Student.
01969-04-02April 2, 1969 Plocek, EvženEvžen Plocek 39 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Businessman.
01970-02-13February 13, 1970 Moyses, MartonMarton Moyses 28 Romania Communist rule in Romania
01970-05-10May 10, 1970 Winne, Jr., GeorgeGeorge Winne, Jr. 23 USA Vietnam War Student at the University of California, San Diego. Died the next day.[7]
01970-09-19September 19, 1970 Georgakis, KostasKostas Georgakis 22 Greece Greek military junta of 1967–1974 Student at the University of Genoa
01970-09-19September 19, 1970 Elosegi, JosebaJoseba Elosegi 54 Spain Bombing of Guernica in 1937 Survived
01970-11-21November 21, 1970 Jeon Tae-ilJeon Tae-il 22 South Korea For more robust labour laws and the government's opposition to reform
01972-05-14May 14, 1972 Kalanta, RomasRomas Kalanta 19 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Inspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and USSR, and 13 other self-immolations
01972-06-06June 6, 1972 Gaulin, HuguetteHuguette Gaulin 28 Canada Female[8]
01976-08-10August 10, 1976 Kalinauskas, AntanasAntanas Kalinauskas 19 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania In Soviet Army barracks in Gulbene, Latvia. Died next day.
01976-08-22August 22, 1976 Brüsewitz, OskarOskar Brüsewitz 46 East Germany Communist rule in East Germany Lutheran pastor
01977-02-10February 10, 1977 Escoffier, AlainAlain Escoffier 27 France Communism
01977-11-16November 16, 1977 Gründler, HartmutHartmut Gründler 37 West Germany Atomic policy
01978-01-21January 21, 1978 Hirnyk, OleksaOleksa Hirnyk 65 USSR Communist rule in Ukraine
01978-06-23June 23, 1978 Mamut, MusaMusa Mamut 46 USSR Persecution of Crimean Tatars Died after five days[9]
01981-03-21March 21, 1981 Arosenius, Per-AxelPer-Axel Arosenius 60 Sweden Taxes
01982-08-10August 10, 1982 Penik, ArtinArtin Penik 61 Turkey ASALA attack at Esenboğa International Airport
01983-11-02November 2, 1983 Acevedo, SebastiánSebastián Acevedo Chile Kidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet [10]
01989-04-07April 7, 1989 Cheng Nan-jungCheng Nan-jung 41 Taiwan For Taiwan independence [11]
01989-05-19May 19, 1989 Chan I-huaChan I-hua Taiwan Blocking of funeral procession of Cheng Nan-jung [12]
01989-03-02March 2, 1989 Babeş, Liviu CornelLiviu Cornel Babeş 47 Romania Communist rule in Romania [13]Set himself on fire on ski slope, died at hospital after 2 hours
01989-03-02March 2, 1989 Vičiulis, VytautasVytautas Vičiulis 37 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania
01990-04-26April 26, 1990 Žemaitis, StanislovasStanislovas Žemaitis 52 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Protesting the Soviet Union economic blockade of Lithuania, on Sverdlov Square, in front of Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow. Died next day in Moscow hospital
01990-05-09May 9, 1990 Daugintis, RimantasRimantas Daugintis 55 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Lithuanian sculptor self immolated on Hungarian-Soviet border. Died after a few days.
01990-09-19September 19, 1990 Goswami, RajivRajiv Goswami 19 India Reservation in India Survived, but inspired some 150 other self-immolations[14]
01991-02-18February 18, 1991 Levey, GregoryGregory Levey 30 USA First Gulf War Amherst Common, MA. Particularly unremarked upon in press, as with other Gulf War protest self-immolations in US, even though Levey's father was married to nationally syndicated columnist Ellen Goodman [15] [16]
01994-02-21February 21, 1994 Darabi, HomaHoma Darabi 54 Iran Women's rights after the Iranian Revolution Female. Biography Rage Against the Veil written by sister Parvin Darabi
01995-04-25April 25, 1995 Elstner, ReinholdReinhold Elstner 75 Germany Demonization of the German soldiers after World War II
01995-09-03September 3, 1995 Kratze, SabineSabine Kratze 25 Vietnam Trial of six Buddhist monks
01996-10-22October 22, 1996 Change, KathyKathy Change 46 USA For directly democratic community-based self-government
01998-01-13January 13, 1998 Ormando, AlfredoAlfredo Ormando 29 Italy Roman Catholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality
01998-04-27April 27, 1998 Ngodup, ThuptenThupten Ngodup 60 India Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk of Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, Tibet. Set fire to himself after police interfered in an unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi organized by the Tibetan Youth Congress, and died two days later in hospital after being visited by the Dalai Lama.[17] [18] [19]
01999-02-16February 16, 1999 Coşkun, NeclaNecla Coşkun 14 UK Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan Survived.[20]
02001-01-21January 21, 2001 various - China See Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident [21]
02001-04-02April 2, 2001 Kayani, ShahrazShahraz Kayani 48 Australia Refusal of the government to grant the entry of his wife and daughters Pakistani refugee[22]
02003-08-27August 27, 2003 Shiri, IsrafilIsrafil Shiri 30 UK Rejection of his asylum claim Gay Iranian refugee [23][24]
02005-08-17August 17, 2005 Businov, YelenaYelena Businov 54 Israel Protest against Israel's unilateral disengagement plan [25]
02006-03-28March 28, 2006 Fortulaki, EleftheriyaEleftheriya Fortulaki Greece Treatment of the Kurds in Turkey [26]
02006-11-03November 3, 2006 Ritscher, MalachiMalachi Ritscher 52 USA War in Iraq Died at the spot.[27]
02006-06-11June 11, 2006 Joshi, PravinPravin Joshi 30 India Screening of Fanaa Died 9 days later.[28]
02007-03-07March 7, 2007 Bhandari, UddhavUddhav Bhandari 40 UK Asylum policy Nepali asylum seeker[29]
02007-04-01April 1, 2007 Heo Se-ukHeo Se-uk 54 South Korea South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement [30]
02008-10-01October 1, 2008 Tapia, Ramiro GuillénRamiro Guillén Tapia 65 Mexico Local government in the city of Xalapa [31]
02008-11-10November 10, 2008 Markov, RosenRosen Markov - Bulgaria Broadcasting of Turkish news on Bulgarian National Television [32]
02009-01-29January 29, 2009 Muthukumar, KumarKumar Muthukumar 26 India Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Inspired several other self-immolations[33]
02010-02-21February 21, 2010 Yadaiah, SubramSubram Yadaiah 19 India For re-creating the state of Telengana in present-day Andhra Pradesh Died in hospital.[34]
02009-02-27February 27, 2009 Tapey, Tapey mid-20s Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot[35] (or beaten[36]) by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Status unknown.[35] [37] [38]
02010-12-17December 17, 2010 Bouazizi, MohamedMohamed Bouazizi 26 Tunisia Corruption by dictatorship government Inspired the 2010–2011 Tunisian protests leading to both the ousting of President Ben Ali and numerous other "copycat" incidents in the wider Arab world.[39]
02011-01-16January 16, 2011 Bouterfif, MohsenMohsen Bouterfif - Algeria Unemployment and housing Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation that ousted Tunisia's president.[40]
02011-01-17January 17, 2011 Dahoud, Yacoub OuldYacoub Ould Dahoud 43 Mauritania Political situation in Mauritania Same as above[41]
02011-03-16March 16, 2011 Rigzin Phuntsog, Rigzin Phuntsog 21 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.[37] [38] [42][43][44]
02011-08-15August 15, 2011 Norbu, TsewangTsewang Norbu 29 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. Died.[37] [38] [44] [45][46]
02011-09-26September 26, 2011 Lobsang Kunchok, Lobsang Kunchok 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Set fire to self together with Lobsang Kelsang. Currently in hospital.[37] [38] [44] [47] [48]
02011-09-26September 26, 2011 Lobsang Kelsang, Lobsang Kelsang 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Set fire to self together with Lobsang Kunchok. Currently in hospital.[37] [38] [44] [49]
02011-10-03October 3, 2011 Wangchuk, KelsangKelsang Wangchuk 17 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Beaten and taken away by security personnel. Current status unknown.[37] [38]

[50]
02011-10-07October 7, 2011 Kayang, Kayang 17 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Ex-Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Clasped hands with Choepel; died.[37] [38] [44] [51]
02011-10-07October 7, 2011 Choepel, Choepel 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Ex-Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Clasped hands with Kayang; died.[37] [38] [44] [52] China Daily reported they were "slightly injured".[53]
02011-10-15October 15, 2011 Damdrul, NorbuNorbu Damdrul 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk, Kirti, Ngaba. Kicked and removed from scene by Chinese authorities. Current status unknown.[37] [38] [44] [54]
02011-10-17October 17, 2011 Wangmo, TenzinTenzin Wangmo 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Nun, Mame Dechen Chokorling, Ngaba. Died.[38] [44] [55]
02011-10-21October 21, 2011 Wang, Wang 42 China Legal inequalities in China Taken to hospital by police; evidence at scene erased immediately. Took place in Tiananmen Square, Beijing[44] [56]
02011-10-25October 25, 2011 Tsering, DawaDawa Tsering 38 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kardze. Current condition and whereabouts unknown.[38] [44] [57]
02011-11-03November 3, 2011 Choetso, PaldenPalden Choetso 35 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Nun, Ganden Jangchup Choeling, Tawu, Kardze. Reported died by Xinhua.[38] [44] [58] [59]
02011-11-04November 4, 2011 Tsedor, SherabSherab Tsedor 35 New Delhi Political situation in Tibet Outside the Chinese embassy in New Delhi.[60]
02011-11-11November 11, 2011 Gebre, YenesewYenesew Gebre 29 Ethiopia Corruption by dictatorship government Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation that ousted Tunisia's president.[61]
02011-12-01December 1, 2011 Phuntsok, TenzinTenzin Phuntsok 46[62] Tibet Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk, Karma Monastery, Chamdo.[38] [63] [64] Died on 6 December in Chamdo Hospital in Tibet[62] Reported in China Daily, as a "farmer" who "is considered eccentric".[65]
02011-12-07December 7, 2011 Hutagalung, SondangSondang Hutagalung 22 Indonesia Anti-government protest [66]

References

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  2. ^ "The Pacifists". Time Magazine. November 12, 1965. (Accessed July 23, 2007)
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  8. ^ Encyclopedia of literature in Canada by William H. New
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  41. ^ Mauritanian man sets himself ablaze in capital
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